SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Emotion work</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emotion work</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For emotion work sold for a salary, see <a href="Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">Emotional labor</a>.</div>

<p><b>Emotion work</b> is a sociological concept that refers the effort of trying to change, in degree or quality, an emotion or feeling; it is the work of changing one's feelings (such as by suppressing strong emotions) or displaying, evoking or producing other feelings.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild_1979_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild_1979-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emotion work may extend beyond management of one's own feelings to work done in an effort to maintain a relationship;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is dispute as to whether emotion work is only work done regulating one's own emotions, or extends to performing the emotional work for others.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hochschild">Hochschild</h2></div>

<p><a href="Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Arlie Russell Hochschild</a>, who introduced the term in 1979, distinguished emotion work – unpaid emotional work that a person undertakes in private life – from <a href="Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">emotional labor</a>: emotional work done in a paid work setting.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild_1979_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild_1979-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emotion work occurs when people attempt to change their emotions or their emotional display for their own non-compensated benefit (e.g., in their interactions with family and friends). By contrast, emotional labor has exchange value because it is traded and performed for a wage.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In a later development, Hochschild distinguished between two broad types of emotion work, and among three techniques of emotion work.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild_1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild_1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two broad types involve evocation and suppression of emotion, while the three techniques of emotion work that Hochschild describes are cognitive, bodily and expressive.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochschild_1990_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild_1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However, the concept (if not the term) has been traced back as far as <a href="Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>: as Aristotle saw, the problem is not with emotionality, but with the <i>appropriateness</i> of emotion and its expression.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>One example of emotion work may involve a person with very strong feelings actively working to try to seem indifferent or neutral. One who is <a href="Bored" class="mw-redirect" title="Bored">bored</a> or uninterested might feign interest in a conversation. If someone <a href="Divorce" title="Divorce">breaks up</a> with their partner, it takes a great deal of emotion work for that person to convince themselves that they no longer love their ex-partner and do not want to be with them anymore. This effort of trying to change one's own emotions, to like someone less, or to begin to see someone only as a friend despite feeling strong romantic feelings for them, is an example of emotion work.

</p><p>Emotion work also involves the orientation of oneself or others to accord with accepted <a href="Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">norms</a> of emotional expression: emotion work is often performed by family members and friends, who put pressure on individuals to conform to emotional norms.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arguably, then, an individual's ultimate obeisance and/or resistance to aspects of emotion regimes are made visible in their emotion work.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Cultural norms often imply that emotion work is reserved for females.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is certainly evidence to the effect that the emotional management that women and men do is asymmetric;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that in general, women come into a marriage groomed for the role of emotional manager.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

<p>The social theorist Victor Jeleniewski Seidler argues that women's emotion work is merely another demonstration of <a href="False_consciousness" title="False consciousness">false consciousness</a> under <a href="Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>, and that emotion work, as a concept, has been adopted, adapted or criticized to such an extent that it is in danger of becoming a "catch-all-cliché".<sup id="cite_ref-Seidler_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seidler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>More broadly, the concept of emotion work has itself been criticized as a wide over-simplification of mental processes such as <a href="Psychological_repression" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological repression">repression</a> and <a href="Denial" title="Denial">denial</a> which continually occur in everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-Seidler_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seidler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_analogues">Literary analogues</h2></div>

<p><a href="Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseau</a> in <i><a href="The_New_Heloise" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Heloise">The New Heloise</a></i> suggests that the attempt to master instrumentally one's affective life always results in a weakening and eventually the fragmentation of one's identity, even if the emotion work is performed at the demand of ethical principles.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">

<ul><li><a href="Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Affect_display" title="Affect display">Affect display</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">Peer pressure</a></li>

<li><a href="Toxic_positivity" title="Toxic positivity">Toxic positivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">Emotional labor</a></li>

<li><a href="Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">Occupational burnout</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">Emotional intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_detachment" title="Emotional detachment">Emotional detachment</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_harassment" title="Workplace harassment">Workplace harassment</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_self-regulation" title="Emotional self-regulation">Emotional self-regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Dissociation_(psychology)" title="Dissociation (psychology)">Dissociation (psychology)</a></li>

<li><a href="Afterburn_(psychotherapy)" title="Afterburn (psychotherapy)">Afterburn (psychotherapy)</a></li>

<li><a href="Marx's_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">Marx's theory of alienation</a></li>

<li><a href="Face_(sociological_concept)" title="Face (sociological concept)">Face (sociological concept)</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFHochschild1979" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Hochschild, Arlie Russell</a> (November 1979). "Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure". <i><a href="American_Journal_of_Sociology" title="American Journal of Sociology">American Journal of Sociology</a></i>. <b>85</b> (3). <a href="University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">551–</span>575. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F227049">10.1086/227049</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2778583">2778583</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143485249">143485249</a>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://campus.fsu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/academic/social_sciences/sociology/Reading%20Lists/Social%20Psych%20Prelim%20Readings/II.%20Emotions/1979%20Hochschild%20-%20Emotion%20Work.pdf">Pdf.</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCookBerger2000" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Alicia; Berger, Peggy (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501193538/http://www.cyfernet.org/parent/workandfamily/colorado_findings.html">"Predictors of emotion work and household labor among dual-earner couples"</a>. <i>cyfernet.org</i>. CYFAR Program, <a href="University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyfernet.org/parent/workandfamily/colorado_findings.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOliker1989" class="citation cs2">Oliker, Stacey J. (1989), "Women friends and marriage work", in Oliker, Stacey J. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6z09p0z3&chunk.id=d0e2459&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e2459&brand=ucpress"><i>Best friends and marriage: exchange among women</i></a>, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 124, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780520063921</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild1990" class="citation book cs1">Hochschild, Arlie R. (1990). "Ideology and emotion management: A perspective and path for future research". In Kemper, Theodore D. (ed.). <i>Research agendas in the sociology of emotions</i>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>142. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7914-0269-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCallahanMcCollun2002" class="citation book cs1">Callahan, Jamie L.; McCollun, Eric E. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nUiRnxzD68UC&pg=PA219">"Obscured variability: The distinction between emotion work and emotional labor"</a>. In Ashkanasy, Neal M.; Zerbe, Wilfred J.; Haertel, Charmine E. J. (eds.). <i>Managing emotions in the workplace</i>. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. pp. <span class="nowrap">219–</span>231. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7656-0937-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Hochschild_1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hochschild_1990_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hochschild_1990_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Hochschild, Arlie Russell</a> (1990), "Ideology and emotion management: a perspective and path for future research", in Kemper, Theodore D. (ed.), <i>Research agendas in the sociology of emotions</i>, Albany: <a href="State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>144, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780585092379</bdi>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HkHgh2isxHIC&dq=ARLIE+RUSSELL+HOCHSCHILD+emotion+work&pg=PA117">Preview.</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2006" class="citation cs2">Peterson, Gretchen (2006), "Managing emotions", in <a href="Jonathan_H._Turner" title="Jonathan H. Turner">Turner, Jonathan H.</a>; Stets, Jan E. (eds.), <i>Handbook of the sociology of emotions</i>, New York: <a href="Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>, p. 125, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780387307152</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGoleman1995" class="citation cs2"><a href="Daniel_Goleman" title="Daniel Goleman">Goleman, Daniel</a> (1995), "Aristotle's challenge", in <a href="Daniel_Goleman" title="Daniel Goleman">Goleman, Daniel</a> (ed.), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emotionalintell200gole/page/"><i>Emotional intelligence: why it can matter more than IQ</i></a></span>, New York: Bantam Books, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emotionalintell200gole/page/">xiv</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780553375060</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRuberg2011" class="citation cs2">Ruberg, Willemijn (2011), "Introduction", in Ruberg, Willemijn; Steenbergh, Kristine (eds.), <i>Sexed sentiments: interdisciplinary perspectives on gender and emotion</i>, Amsterdam New York: Rodopi, p. 9, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789042032422_002">10.1163/9789042032422_002</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9789042032415</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2011" class="citation cs2">Clarke, Odette (2011), "Divine Providence and Resignation: The Role of Religion in the Management of the Emotions of the Anglo-Irish Countess of Dunraven, Caroline Wyndham-Quin (1790-1870)", in Ruberg; Steenbergh (eds.), <i>Sexed sentiments: interdisciplinary perspectives on gender and emotion</i>, p. 75, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789042032422_005">10.1163/9789042032422_005</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9789042032415</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKimmel2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Kimmel, Michael S.</a> (2004), "Gendered sexualities", in <a href="Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Kimmel, Michael S.</a> (ed.), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genderedsociety00kimm_0"><i>The gendered society</i></a></span>, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">237–</span>238, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780195149753</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOliker1989" class="citation cs2">Oliker (1989), "Women friends and marriage work", in Oliker (ed.), <i>Best friends and marriage: exchange among women</i>, p. 144.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGoleman1995" class="citation cs2"><a href="Daniel_Goleman" title="Daniel Goleman">Goleman</a> (1995), "Intimate enemies", in <a href="Daniel_Goleman" title="Daniel Goleman">Goleman</a> (ed.), <i>Emotional intelligence</i>, p. 132.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Seidler-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seidler_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seidler_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSeidler1998" class="citation cs2">Seidler, Victor J. (1998), "Masculinity, violence and emotional life", in <a href="Simon_Williams_(sociologist)" title="Simon Williams (sociologist)">Williams, Simon J.</a>; Bendelow, Gillian (eds.), <i>Emotions in social life: critical themes and contemporary issues</i>, London New York: Routledge, pp. <span class="nowrap">209–</span>210, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780203437452</bdi></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFerrara1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="Alessandro_Ferrara" title="Alessandro Ferrara">Ferrara</a> (1993), "Beyond the limits of autonomy Rousseau's ethic of authenticity: B The limits of autonomy", in <a href="Alessandro_Ferrara" title="Alessandro Ferrara">Ferrara</a> (ed.), <i>Modernity and authenticity: a study in the social and ethical thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau</i>, p. 104.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHochschild1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Hochschild, Arlie Russell</a> (1983). <a href="The_Managed_Heart%3A_the_Commercialization_of_Human_Feeling" class="mw-redirect" title="The Managed Heart: the Commercialization of Human Feeling"><i>The managed heart: commercialization of human feeling</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780520054547</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emotions_(list)282" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Emotions_(list)282" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a> (<a href="Emotion_classification" title="Emotion classification">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acceptance" title="Acceptance">Acceptance</a></li>

<li><a href="Admiration" title="Admiration">Admiration</a></li>

<li><a href="Adoration" title="Adoration">Adoration</a></li>

<li><a href="Aesthetic_emotions" title="Aesthetic emotions">Aesthetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Affection" title="Affection">Affection</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychomotor_agitation" title="Psychomotor agitation">Agitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pain" title="Pain">Agony</a></li>

<li><a href="Amusement" title="Amusement">Amusement</a></li>

<li><a href="Anger" title="Anger">Anger</a></li>

<li><a href="Angst" title="Angst">Angst</a></li>

<li><a href="Anguish" title="Anguish">Anguish</a></li>

<li><a href="Annoyance" title="Annoyance">Annoyance</a></li>

<li><a href="Anticipation" title="Anticipation">Anticipation</a></li>

<li><a href="Antipathy" title="Antipathy">Antipathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a></li>

<li><a href="Apathy" title="Apathy">Apathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Arousal" title="Arousal">Arousal</a></li>

<li><a href="Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">Attraction</a></li>

<li><a href="Belongingness" title="Belongingness">Belongingness</a></li>

<li><a href="Boredom" title="Boredom">Boredom</a></li>

<li><a href="Calmness" title="Calmness">Calmness</a></li>

<li><a href="Comfort" title="Comfort">Comfort</a></li>

<li><a href="Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a></li>

<li><a href="Confidence" title="Confidence">Confidence</a></li>

<li><a href="Confusion" title="Confusion">Confusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Contempt" title="Contempt">Contempt</a></li>

<li><a href="Contentment" title="Contentment">Contentment</a></li>

<li><a href="Courage" title="Courage">Courage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cruelty" title="Cruelty">Cruelty</a></li>

<li><a href="Curiosity" title="Curiosity">Curiosity</a></li>

<li><a href="Defeatism" title="Defeatism">Defeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a></li>

<li><a href="Desire" title="Desire">Desire</a></li>

<li><a href="Disappointment" title="Disappointment">Disappointment</a></li>

<li><a href="Disgust" title="Disgust">Disgust</a></li>

<li><a href="Distrust" title="Distrust">Distrust</a></li>

<li><a href="Doubt" title="Doubt">Doubt</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecstasy_(emotion)" title="Ecstasy (emotion)">Ecstasy</a></li>

<li><a href="Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">Embarrassment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vicarious_embarrassment" title="Vicarious embarrassment">vicarious</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Emptiness" title="Emptiness">Emptiness</a></li>

<li><a href="Attention" title="Attention">Enthrallment</a></li>

<li><a href="Enthusiasm" title="Enthusiasm">Enthusiasm</a></li>

<li><a href="Euphoria" title="Euphoria">Euphoria</a></li>

<li><a href="Stimulation" title="Stimulation">Excitement</a></li>

<li><a href="Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Frustration" title="Frustration">Frustration</a></li>

<li><a href="Gratification" title="Gratification">Gratification</a></li>

<li><a href="Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li>

<li><a href="Greed" title="Greed">Greed</a></li>

<li><a href="Grief" title="Grief">Grief</a></li>

<li><a href="Guilt_(emotion)" title="Guilt (emotion)">Guilt</a></li>

<li><a href="Happiness" title="Happiness">Happiness</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Joie_de_vivre" title="Joie de vivre">Joie de vivre</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hatred" title="Hatred">Hatred</a>

<ul><li><a href="Self-hatred" title="Self-hatred">self-hatred</a></li></ul></li>

<li><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="Hiraeth" title="Hiraeth">Hiraeth</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Homesickness" title="Homesickness">Homesickness</a></li>

<li><a href="Horror_and_terror" title="Horror and terror">Horror</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostility" title="Hostility">Hostility</a></li>

<li><a href="Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li>

<li><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="Hygge" title="Hygge">Hygge</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Hysteria" title="Hysteria">Hysteria</a></li>

<li><a href="Ikigai" title="Ikigai"><i>Ikigai</i> (sense of purpose)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hedonism" title="Hedonism">Indulgence</a></li>

<li><a href="Infatuation" title="Infatuation">Infatuation</a></li>

<li><a href="Insecurity_(emotion)" title="Insecurity (emotion)">Insecurity</a></li>

<li><a href="Insignificance" title="Insignificance">Insignificance</a></li>

<li><a href="Artistic_inspiration" title="Artistic inspiration">Inspiration</a></li>

<li><a href="Interest_(emotion)" title="Interest (emotion)">Interest</a></li>

<li><a href="Irritability" title="Irritability">Irritation</a></li>

<li><a href="Isolation_(psychology)" title="Isolation (psychology)">Isolation</a></li>

<li><a href="Jealousy" title="Jealousy">Jealousy</a></li>

<li><a href="Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li>

<li><a href="Loneliness" title="Loneliness">Loneliness</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Love_at_first_sight" title="Love at first sight">at first sight</a></li>

<li><a href="Limerence" title="Limerence">limerence</a></li>

<li><a href="Obsessive_love" title="Obsessive love">obsessive</a></li>

<li><a href="Parental_love" title="Parental love">parental</a></li>

<li><a href="Passionate_and_companionate_love" title="Passionate and companionate love">passionate and companionate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="Mono_no_aware" title="Mono no aware">Mono no aware</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Neglect" title="Neglect">Neglect</a></li>

<li><a href="Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li>

<li><a href="Outrage_(emotion)" title="Outrage (emotion)">Outrage</a></li>

<li><a href="Panic" title="Panic">Panic</a></li>

<li><a href="Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li>

<li><a href="Pleasure" title="Pleasure">Pleasure</a></li>

<li><a href="Pride" title="Pride">Pride</a>

<ul><li><a href="Grandiosity" title="Grandiosity">grandiosity</a></li>

<li><a href="Hubris" title="Hubris">hubris</a></li>

<li><a href="Insult" title="Insult">insult</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Regret" title="Regret">Regret</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">Rejection</a></li>

<li><a href="Relaxation_(psychology)" title="Relaxation (psychology)">Relaxation</a></li>

<li><a href="Relief_(emotion)" title="Relief (emotion)">Relief</a></li>

<li><a href="Remorse" title="Remorse">Remorse</a></li>

<li><a href="Resentment" title="Resentment">Resentment</a></li>

<li><a href="Revenge" title="Revenge">Revenge</a></li>

<li><a href="Sadness" title="Sadness">Sadness</a>

<ul><li><a href="Melancholia" title="Melancholia">melancholy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Schadenfreude" title="Schadenfreude">Schadenfreude</a></i></span></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Sehnsucht" title="Sehnsucht">Sehnsucht</a></i></span></li>

<li><a href="Sentimentality" title="Sentimentality">Sentimentality</a></li>

<li><a href="Shame" title="Shame">Shame</a></li>

<li><a href="Acute_stress_reaction" title="Acute stress reaction">Shock</a></li>

<li><a href="Shyness" title="Shyness">Shyness</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitude" title="Solitude">Solitude</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_connection" title="Social connection">Social connection</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorrow_(emotion)" title="Sorrow (emotion)">Sorrow</a></li>

<li><a href="Spite_(sentiment)" title="Spite (sentiment)">Spite</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_stress" title="Psychological stress">Stress</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">chronic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Suffering" title="Suffering">Suffering</a></li>

<li><a href="Surprise_(emotion)" title="Surprise (emotion)">Surprise</a></li>

<li><a href="Suspense" title="Suspense">Suspense</a></li>

<li><a href="Suspicion_(emotion)" title="Suspicion (emotion)">Suspicion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Wonder_(emotion)" title="Wonder (emotion)">Wonder</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">sense of wonder</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Worry" title="Worry">Worry</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Worldview" title="Worldview">Worldviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cynicism_(contemporary)" title="Cynicism (contemporary)">Cynicism</a></li>

<li><a href="Defeatism" title="Defeatism">Defeatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatalism" title="Fatalism">Fatalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Misanthropy" title="Misanthropy">Misanthropy</a></li>

<li><a href="Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimism" title="Optimism">Optimism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pessimism" title="Pessimism">Pessimism</a></li>

<li><a href="Recluse" title="Recluse">Reclusion</a></li>

<li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Affect

<ul><li><a href="Affect_consciousness" title="Affect consciousness">consciousness</a></li>

<li><a href="Affect_(education)" title="Affect (education)">in education</a></li>

<li><a href="Affect_measures" title="Affect measures">measures</a></li>

<li><a href="Affect_(psychology)" title="Affect (psychology)">in psychology</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Affective

<ul><li><a href="Affective_computing" title="Affective computing">computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_forecasting" title="Affective forecasting">forecasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">neuroscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_science" title="Affective science">science</a></li>

<li><a href="Affective_spectrum" title="Affective spectrum">spectrum</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Affectivity

<ul><li><a href="Positive_affectivity" title="Positive affectivity">positive</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_affectivity" title="Negative affectivity">negative</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Appeal_to_emotion" title="Appeal to emotion">Appeal to emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="Amygdala_hijack" title="Amygdala hijack">Amygdala hijack</a></li>

<li>Emotion

<li><a href="Emotion_and_memory" title="Emotion and memory">and memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_and_emotion" title="Music and emotion">and music</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleep_and_emotions" title="Sleep and emotions">and sleep</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotion_classification" title="Emotion classification">classification</a>

<ul><li><a href="Emotion_classification#Circumplex_model" title="Emotion classification">circumplex</a></li>

<li><a href="EmojiGrid" title="EmojiGrid">EmojiGrid</a></li>

<li><a href="L%C3%B6vheim_Cube_of_Emotions" title="Lövheim Cube of Emotions">Lövheim</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotion_classification#Plutchik's_wheel_of_emotions" title="Emotion classification">Plutchik</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Expressed_emotion" title="Expressed emotion">expressed</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_accounts_of_emotion" title="Functional accounts of emotion">functional accounts</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_emotion" title="Group emotion">group</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeostatic_emotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeostatic emotion">homeostatic</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">in animals</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotion_perception" title="Emotion perception">perception</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotion_recognition" title="Emotion recognition">recognition</a>

<ul><li><a href="Emotion_recognition_in_conversation" title="Emotion recognition in conversation">in conversation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_self-regulation" title="Emotional self-regulation">regulation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Interpersonal_emotion_regulation" title="Interpersonal emotion regulation">interpersonal</a></li></ul></li>

</ul></li>

<li>Emotional

<ul><li><a href="Emotional_aperture" title="Emotional aperture">aperture</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">blackmail</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_competence" title="Emotional competence">competence</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_conflict" title="Emotional conflict">conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_contagion" title="Emotional contagion">contagion</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_detachment" title="Emotional detachment">detachment</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_dysregulation" title="Emotional dysregulation">dysregulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_eating" title="Emotional eating">eating</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_exhaustion" title="Emotional exhaustion">exhaustion</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_expression" title="Emotional expression">expression</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gender_and_emotional_expression" title="Gender and emotional expression">and gender</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">intelligence</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">and bullying</a></li>

<li><a href="Empathy_quotient" title="Empathy quotient">Empathy quotient</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_intimacy" title="Emotional intimacy">intimacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_isolation" title="Emotional isolation">isolation</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_lability" title="Emotional lability">lability</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_labor" title="Emotional labor">labor</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_lateralization" title="Emotional lateralization">lateralization</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_literacy" title="Emotional literacy">literacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_prosody" title="Emotional prosody">prosody</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_reasoning" title="Emotional reasoning">reasoning</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_responsivity" title="Emotional responsivity">responsivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional security">security</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_symbiosis" title="Emotional symbiosis">symbiosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_thought_method" title="Emotional thought method">thought method</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotional_well-being" title="Emotional well-being">well-being</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Emotionality" title="Emotionality">Emotionality</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bounded_emotionality" title="Bounded emotionality">bounded</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Emotions

<ul><li><a href="Emotions_and_culture" title="Emotions and culture">and culture</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_emotions" title="History of emotions">history</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotions_in_decision-making" title="Emotions in decision-making">in decision-making</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotions_in_the_workplace" title="Emotions in the workplace">in the workplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Emotions_in_virtual_communication" title="Emotions in virtual communication">in virtual communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Moral_emotions" title="Moral emotions">moral</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-conscious_emotions" title="Self-conscious emotions">self-conscious</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_emotions" title="Social emotions">social</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_sharing_of_emotions" title="Social sharing of emotions">social sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sociology_of_emotions" title="Sociology of emotions">sociology</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Feeling" title="Feeling">Feeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_affective_tone" title="Group affective tone">Group affective tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactions_between_the_emotional_and_executive_brain_systems" title="Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems">Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Jealousy_in_art" title="Jealousy in art">Jealousy in art</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_state" title="Mental state">Mental state</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta-emotion" title="Meta-emotion">Meta-emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathognomy" title="Pathognomy">Pathognomy</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathos" title="Pathos">Pathos</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_emotional_development" title="Social emotional development">Social emotional development</a></li>

<li><a href="Stoic_passions" title="Stoic passions">Stoic passions</a></li>

<li>Theory

<ul><li><a href="Affect_theory" title="Affect theory">affect</a></li>

<li><a href="Affect_as_information_hypothesis" title="Affect as information hypothesis">affect as information</a></li>

<li><a href="Appraisal_theory" title="Appraisal theory">appraisal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cannon-Bard_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannon-Bard theory">Cannon-Bard</a></li>

<li><a href="Theory_of_constructed_emotion" title="Theory of constructed emotion">constructed emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrete_emotion_theory" title="Discrete emotion theory">discrete emotion</a></li>

<li><a href="James-Lange_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="James-Lange theory">James-Lange</a></li>

<li><a href="Somatic_theory" title="Somatic theory">somatic</a></li>

<li><a href="Somatic_marker_hypothesis" title="Somatic marker hypothesis">somatic marker</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-factor_theory_of_emotion" title="Two-factor theory of emotion">two-factor</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate emotion names in foreign languages

<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Emotion_work&oldid=1300879715">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>